MITRE ATT&CK
Comprendre comment les adversaires opèrent — pas superficiellement, jusqu’au mécanisme.
C’est quoi
MITRE ATT&CK (Adversarial Tactics, Techniques & Common Knowledge) est une base de connaissance ouverte qui documente les comportements réels d’attaquants observés dans la nature.
Pas théorique. Basé sur des incidents réels, des APT documentées, des malwares analysés.
Maintenu par MITRE Corporation depuis 2013. Gratuit, public, structuré.
Trois matrices principales :
- Enterprise — Windows, Linux, macOS, Cloud, réseau
- Mobile — Android, iOS
- ICS — Systèmes industriels / SCADA
La structure : Tactiques → Techniques → Sous-techniques
Tactique (le "pourquoi" — objectif de l'attaquant) └── Technique (le "comment" — méthode générale) └── Sous-technique (l'implémentation spécifique)
Exemple :
Credential Access (tactique) └── OS Credential Dumping (technique T1003) ├── LSASS Memory (T1003.001) ├── SAM (T1003.002) ├── NTDS (T1003.003) └── ...
Les 14 Tactiques Enterprise
TA0043 — Reconnaissance
Avant de toucher la cible.
Collecte d’informations passive et active avant l’intrusion.
Techniques clés :
- T1595 — Active Scanning (Nmap, Masscan)
- T1592 — Gather Victim Host Information
- T1589 — Gather Victim Identity Information (emails, noms)
- T1590 — Gather Victim Network Information (ASN, IP ranges)
- T1591 — Gather Victim Org Information (organigramme, fournisseurs)
- T1596 — Search Open Technical Databases (Shodan, Censys)
- T1597 — Search Closed Sources (dark web, forums)
- T1598 — Phishing for Information (pretexting)
- T1593 — Search Open Websites (LinkedIn, GitHub, Google dorks)
- T1594 — Search Victim-Owned Websites
TA0042 — Resource Development
Construire l’infrastructure d’attaque.
- T1583 — Acquire Infrastructure (VPS, domaines, bulletproof hosting)
- T1584 — Compromise Infrastructure (détourner infra légitime)
- T1585 — Establish Accounts (faux profils LinkedIn, email)
- T1586 — Compromise Accounts (hijack comptes existants)
- T1587 — Develop Capabilities (écrire son propre malware)
- T1588 — Obtain Capabilities (acheter exploits, outils)
- T1608 — Stage Capabilities (héberger payloads, C2)
TA0001 — Initial Access
Entrer dans le périmètre.
- T1566 — Phishing
- T1566.001 — Spearphishing Attachment
- T1566.002 — Spearphishing Link
- T1566.003 — Spearphishing via Service (Slack, Teams)
- T1190 — Exploit Public-Facing Application (CVE sur services exposés)
- T1133 — External Remote Services (VPN, RDP, Citrix)
- T1078 — Valid Accounts (credentials volés, stuffing)
- T1091 — Replication Through Removable Media (USB drop)
- T1195 — Supply Chain Compromise
- T1199 — Trusted Relationship (MSP, prestataires)
- T1200 — Hardware Additions (implant physique)
TA0002 — Execution
Faire tourner du code sur la cible.
- T1059 — Command and Scripting Interpreter
- T1059.001 — PowerShell
- T1059.003 — Windows Command Shell (cmd.exe)
- T1059.004 — Unix Shell
- T1059.005 — Visual Basic
- T1059.006 — Python
- T1059.007 — JavaScript
- T1203 — Exploitation for Client Execution (exploit navigateur, Office)
- T1204 — User Execution
- T1204.001 — Malicious Link
- T1204.002 — Malicious File
- T1047 — Windows Management Instrumentation (WMI)
- T1053 — Scheduled Task/Job (cron, at, Task Scheduler)
- T1569 — System Services
- T1569.002 — Service Execution (sc.exe, PsExec)
- T1072 — Software Deployment Tools (SCCM, Ansible compromis)
TA0003 — Persistence
Rester dans le système après reboot.
- T1547 — Boot or Logon Autostart Execution
- T1547.001 — Registry Run Keys
- T1547.004 — Winlogon Helper DLL
- T1547.006 — Kernel Modules (Linux)
- T1543 — Create or Modify System Process
- T1543.003 — Windows Service
- T1053 — Scheduled Task/Job
- T1136 — Create Account (compte backdoor)
- T1098 — Account Manipulation (ajout de clé SSH, MFA bypass)
- T1505 — Server Software Component
- T1505.003 — Web Shell
- T1574 — Hijack Execution Flow
- T1574.002 — DLL Side-Loading
- T1176 — Browser Extensions (extension malveillante)
- T1037 — Boot or Logon Initialization Scripts
TA0004 — Privilege Escalation
Monter en droits.
- T1548 — Abuse Elevation Control Mechanism
- T1548.002 — Bypass UAC (Windows)
- T1548.003 — Sudo and Sudo Caching (Linux)
- T1134 — Access Token Manipulation
- T1134.001 — Token Impersonation/Theft
- T1068 — Exploitation for Privilege Escalation (CVE locaux)
- T1055 — Process Injection
- T1055.001 — DLL Injection
- T1055.002 — Portable Executable Injection
- T1055.012 — Process Hollowing
- T1574 — Hijack Execution Flow
- T1611 — Escape to Host (container breakout)
TA0005 — Defense Evasion
Rester invisible.
- T1562 — Impair Defenses
- T1562.001 — Disable/Modify Tools (kill AV)
- T1562.002 — Disable Windows Event Logging
- T1070 — Indicator Removal
- T1070.001 — Clear Windows Event Logs
- T1070.003 — Clear Command History
- T1070.004 — File Deletion
- T1036 — Masquerading (renommer binaires, faux noms de process)
- T1027 — Obfuscated Files or Information
- T1027.002 — Software Packing
- T1027.005 — Indicator Removal from Tools (strip les IOCs)
- T1055 — Process Injection
- T1218 — System Binary Proxy Execution (LOLBins)
- T1218.011 — Rundll32
- T1218.010 — Regsvr32
- T1218.005 — Mshta
- T1497 — Virtualization/Sandbox Evasion
- T1620 — Reflective Code Loading (charger code sans écrire sur disque)
TA0006 — Credential Access
Voler des credentials.
- T1003 — OS Credential Dumping
- T1003.001 — LSASS Memory (Mimikatz, procdump)
- T1003.002 — SAM (reg save)
- T1003.003 — NTDS.dit (DCSync, ntdsutil)
- T1003.004 — LSA Secrets
- T1110 — Brute Force
- T1110.001 — Password Guessing
- T1110.002 — Password Cracking (hashcat, john)
- T1110.003 — Password Spraying
- T1110.004 — Credential Stuffing
- T1555 — Credentials from Password Stores
- T1555.003 — Credentials from Web Browsers
- T1056 — Input Capture
- T1056.001 — Keylogging
- T1056.003 — Web Portal Capture (fake login)
- T1539 — Steal Web Session Cookie
- T1558 — Steal or Forge Kerberos Tickets
- T1558.001 — Golden Ticket
- T1558.002 — Silver Ticket
- T1558.003 — Kerberoasting
- T1558.004 — AS-REP Roasting
- T1552 — Unsecured Credentials
- T1552.001 — Credentials in Files (configs, scripts)
- T1552.004 — Private Keys
TA0007 — Discovery
Comprendre l’environnement compromis.
- T1082 — System Information Discovery
- T1083 — File and Directory Discovery
- T1057 — Process Discovery (tasklist, ps aux)
- T1049 — System Network Connections Discovery (netstat)
- T1016 — System Network Configuration Discovery (ipconfig, ifconfig)
- T1018 — Remote System Discovery (ping sweep, ARP)
- T1069 — Permission Groups Discovery
- T1069.002 — Domain Groups (net group /domain)
- T1087 — Account Discovery
- T1087.002 — Domain Account (net user /domain)
- T1135 — Network Share Discovery
- T1046 — Network Service Discovery (scan interne)
- T1201 — Password Policy Discovery
- T1217 — Browser Bookmark Discovery
- T1482 — Domain Trust Discovery (BloodHound)
- T1615 — Group Policy Discovery
TA0008 — Lateral Movement
Se déplacer dans le réseau.
- T1021 — Remote Services
- T1021.001 — RDP
- T1021.002 — SMB/Windows Admin Shares (PsExec)
- T1021.004 — SSH
- T1021.006 — Windows Remote Management (WinRM)
- T1550 — Use Alternate Authentication Material
- T1550.002 — Pass the Hash (PTH)
- T1550.003 — Pass the Ticket (PTT)
- T1563 — Remote Service Session Hijacking
- T1534 — Internal Spearphishing
- T1570 — Lateral Tool Transfer (copier tools via SMB, SCP)
- T1080 — Taint Shared Content (infecter shares réseau)
TA0009 — Collection
Récolter les données d’intérêt.
- T1005 — Data from Local System
- T1039 — Data from Network Shared Drive
- T1025 — Data from Removable Media
- T1114 — Email Collection
- T1114.002 — Remote Email Collection (OWA, Exchange)
- T1056 — Input Capture (keylogger)
- T1113 — Screen Capture
- T1125 — Video Capture
- T1123 — Audio Capture
- T1185 — Browser Session Hijacking
- T1530 — Data from Cloud Storage
TA0011 — Command and Control
Maintenir le canal de communication avec les implants.
- T1071 — Application Layer Protocol
- T1071.001 — Web Protocols (C2 over HTTP/HTTPS)
- T1071.004 — DNS (DNS tunneling — Iodine, dnscat2)
- T1090 — Proxy
- T1090.004 — Domain Fronting
- T1095 — Non-Application Layer Protocol (raw TCP/UDP)
- T1572 — Protocol Tunneling (SSH tunnel, ICMP tunnel)
- T1102 — Web Service (C2 via GitHub, Slack, Discord, Twitter)
- T1132 — Data Encoding (base64, XOR)
- T1001 — Data Obfuscation
- T1573 — Encrypted Channel
- T1573.001 — Symmetric Cryptography
- T1573.002 — Asymmetric Cryptography
- T1008 — Fallback Channels (backup C2)
- T1105 — Ingress Tool Transfer (download stager)
TA0010 — Exfiltration
Sortir les données.
- T1041 — Exfiltration Over C2 Channel
- T1048 — Exfiltration Over Alternative Protocol
- T1048.001 — Exfiltration Over Symmetric Encrypted Non-C2
- T1048.003 — Exfiltration Over Unencrypted Protocol (FTP, HTTP)
- T1052 — Exfiltration Over Physical Medium (USB)
- T1567 — Exfiltration Over Web Service
- T1567.002 — Exfiltration to Cloud Storage (Dropbox, Drive)
- T1029 — Scheduled Transfer (exfil à heures fixes pour éviter détection)
- T1030 — Data Transfer Size Limits (chunking pour éviter les alertes)
TA0040 — Impact
Détruire, chiffrer, perturber.
- T1486 — Data Encrypted for Impact (ransomware)
- T1490 — Inhibit System Recovery (shadow copies, backups)
- T1489 — Service Stop (arrêt des services de sécurité)
- T1485 — Data Destruction (rm -rf, format)
- T1491 — Defacement
- T1491.001 — Internal Defacement
- T1491.002 — External Defacement
- T1498 — Network Denial of Service
- T1496 — Resource Hijacking (cryptomining)
- T1561 — Disk Wipe (MBR wipe — NotPetya)
- T1529 — System Shutdown/Reboot
Groupes APT documentés (exemples)
| Groupe | Alias | Origine présumée | Secteurs ciblés |
|---|---|---|---|
| APT28 | Fancy Bear | Russie (GRU) | Gouvernement, défense, médias |
| APT29 | Cozy Bear | Russie (SVR) | Gouvernement, think tanks |
| APT41 | Winnti | Chine | Santé, tech, gaming |
| Lazarus | Hidden Cobra | Corée du Nord | Finance, crypto, défense |
| FIN7 | Carbanak | — | Finance, retail, hospitality |
| Sandworm | — | Russie (GRU) | ICS, énergie, Ukraine |
Usage offensif — Red Team
Mapper son engagement à ATT&CK
Avant une mission, identifier quelles techniques seront utilisées :
Objectif : compromission AD Techniques prévues :
- T1566.001 — Phishing avec pièce jointe (Initial Access)
- T1059.001 — PowerShell (Execution)
- T1547.001 — Registry Run Key (Persistence)
- T1003.001 — LSASS dump (Credential Access)
- T1558.003 — Kerberoasting (Credential Access)
- T1021.002 — Lateral movement via SMB (Lateral Movement)
- T1003.003 — DCSync (Credential Access)
Outils associés aux techniques
| Outil | Techniques ATT&CK |
|---|---|
| Mimikatz | T1003.001, T1550.002, T1558.001 |
| BloodHound | T1482, T1069.002, T1087.002 |
| Rubeus | T1558.003, T1558.004, T1550.003 |
| CrackMapExec | T1021.002, T1110.003, T1135 |
| Cobalt Strike | T1055, T1071.001, T1573 |
| Metasploit | T1203, T1068, T1055 |
| Impacket | T1003.003, T1021.006, T1550.002 |
| PowerSploit | T1059.001, T1055, T1134 |
Usage défensif — Blue Team
Détections par tactique
Initial Access — détecter le phishing :
- Analyse des pièces jointes (sandbox)
- SPF/DKIM/DMARC sur les emails entrants
- Corrélation URL cliquées + process spawned
Execution — détecter PowerShell malveillant :
Event ID 4103/4104 — PowerShell Script Block Logging Event ID 4688 — Process Creation (avec ligne de commande) Sysmon Event ID 1 — Process Create
Persistence — détecter les run keys :
Event ID 13 (Sysmon) — Registry value set Chemin : HKCU\Software\Microsoft\Windows\CurrentVersion\Run
Credential Access — détecter LSASS dump :
Event ID 10 (Sysmon) — Process Access sur lsass.exe Event ID 4656 — Handle demandé sur un objet
Lateral Movement — détecter PTH :
Event ID 4624 — Logon type 3 avec NTLMv2 depuis un poste de travail Event ID 4648 — Explicit credential logon
Navigator — Visualiser une campagne
MITRE ATT&CK Navigator est l’outil officiel pour visualiser quelles techniques sont couvertes/utilisées.
https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator/
Utilisation :
- Créer une nouvelle layer
- Colorier les techniques utilisées dans un engagement
- Exporter en JSON/SVG pour le rapport
- Comparer coverage défensif vs techniques Red Team
Sources & Références
- Base officielle : https://attack.mitre.org
- Navigator : https://mitre-attack.github.io/attack-navigator
- CTI Blueprints (rapports APT mappés) : https://attack.mitre.org/resources/ctiBluePrints
- Sigma rules (détections mappées à ATT&CK) : https://github.com/SigmaHQ/sigma
- Atomic Red Team (tests par technique) : https://github.com/redcanaryco/atomic-red-team
hashwar.net — notes from the edge.